Bloomberg — Gautam Adani has seen $52 billion erased from his personal fortune in the span of just six trading days — a downfall so spectacular that it defies just about every historical comparison.
He’s not quite like onetime crypto wunderkind Sam Bankman-Fried or Archegos Capital Management’s Bill Hwang, who went from tens of billions to nothing in a flash as their leveraged trades imploded. After all, even after a share-price collapse in the wake of Hindenburg Research’s short-seller report, Adani oversees a sprawling conglomerate that builds capital-intensive infrastructure such as ports and airports in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s development goals.
His wealth drop is far bigger than Brazil’s Eike Batista, who similarly used his commodities empire to build national infrastructure like shipyards and ports with support from the government. It took Batista about a year to lose his entire $35 billion fortune, becoming known as the first known “negative billionaire.”
And even though Elon Musk was the first person in history to lose $200 billion (and has had a few periods where his wealth plunged about as much as Adani’s), he’s since bounced back in a big way. The Tesla Inc. (TSLA) chief executive has added more than $32 billion to his personal fortune so far this year, the most of anyone tracked by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.
All told, Adani’s wealth wipeout is among the most severe in terms of scale and speed since Bloomberg began tracking billionaires in 2012. He’s worth $61 billion, down from a peak of $150 billion in September, according to the index.
The precipitous fall highlights the unique ways in which Adani, 60, climbed up the wealth rankings in the past two years, at one point surpassing every billionaire on the planet except for Musk. Many of the tactics were flagged by Hindenburg as it alleged fraud: A large concentration of insider share ownership, rampant use of leverage and valuations that were elevated by just about every measure.
Adani has expanded his conglomerate aggressively, with a push into green energy and infrastructure in particular, securing investments from firms including Warburg Pincus and TotalEnergies SE. Adani Group utilized margin loans to fund its ambitions, and had to put up about $300 million worth of shares last week to maintain its collateral cover on a loan made by a group of banks including Barclays Plc.
Adani Group has repeatedly denied Hindenburg’s allegations, calling the report “bogus,” and threatening legal action. Still, its flagship Adani Enterprises scrapped a $2.4 billion follow-on share sale that was fully subscribed but drew scant retail investor interest, and units of Credit Suisse Group AG and Citigroup Inc. (C) have stopped accepting some Adani securities as collateral for margin loans.
It’s not yet clear to what extent India’s government will get involved. Its parliament was adjourned for the day after pandemonium broke out when the upper house chair rejected opposition lawmakers’ demand for a debate on Adani. Modi has said nothing on the matter so far.
Meanwhile, India’s central bank has asked lenders for details of their exposure to the conglomerate, according to people familiar with the matter. State Bank of India, the country’s largest financier, has loaned as much as $2.6 billion to Adani companies, about half of what’s allowed, according to a person familiar with the matter.
“Adani and his officials are trying their best to paint it as a foreign conspiracy against the rise of India as an economic power,” said Ashok Swain, head of the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University in Sweden. “The market has not bought this bluff. As Adani’s stock has been crashing for a week now, the nationalism pitch is gradually losing its relevance.”
Adani, who dropped out of college to try his luck in the diamond industry, is now the third-richest person in Asia, behind peer Mukesh Ambani and China’s bottled-water king, Zhong Shanshan. He’s poised to fall out of the Top 20 globally.
--With assistance from Cecile Vannucci and Jack Witzig
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